Immigration As An Ethical Issue - 1148 Words

IMMIGRATION AS AN ETHICAL ISSUE 2 Immigration as an ethical dilemma has attracted decades of debate. It is an ethical issue that has not found a solution, and it does not appear that it will find one soon. Immigration debates may look interesting but the two antagonistic groups: those who support immigrant and those who oppose them seem to score equally with no solution (Kourtsounis, 2014). The groups that oppose immigration have strongly accused the government for allowing its borders to remain porous to illegal guests. These groups have strongly indicated that, both legal and illegal immigrants are a threat to American citizens. On the other hand, even though there is no one who is advocating for immigration directly, the groups that support immigration urge the Federal and local governments to develop policies that will legalize refugees who are already seeking American residents. These groups dwell on the fact that immigrants are also human beings and that they are possibly looking to the Unites States in search for a safe haven. They also emphasize that Americans have a sense of obligation through their humanitarian philosophy, and so they cannot afford to lock them out, nor can they afford to send back illegal children who are looking for safer place to live. Debaters in this ethical dilemma both have genuine reasons why they support or oppose immigration. At the heart of immigration debate are the groups that oppose legal and illegal migration (Kourtsounis, 2014).Show MoreRelatedEssay on Ethical Issues on Immigration2720 Words   |  11 PagesEthical Issues on Immigration There are many issues in the United States. Some of them are more distraught than others. One issue that has recently had a lot of controversy would be immigration laws. Should we put a stop to immigrants coming over United States boarders? Should the immigrants already in the U.S.A. be allowed to stay? These are some questions being asked by today’s society. Immigrants are not all bad; some are very useful to the United States. In society today, it is easy for someRead MoreThe Ethical Theory Of The Election Of 20161268 Words   |  6 Pageselection held an uncanny resemblance to elections of past years in the United States. The ethical and moral issues voters frequently take into account are as follows: race, culture, immigration and populism. Many ethical theories play into elections, on both the sides of the voters as well as the candidates. The â€Å"ethical theory† described is an approach or belief based off one’s own morals or values. The ethical theory of Utilitarianism is often used in the decision making on both the voters’ partRead MoreEssay on Case17 Businesss Hire818 Words   |  4 PagesCase 17: Should Business Hire Illegal Immigrants? pp. 833-836 (textbook) 1. What are the ethical issues in this case? Just by entering the country illegal aliens are committing an unethical act; Breaking the laws of our Country. Two the employers who are hiring them are unethical and amoral. Knowingly violating the laws and operating at their best interests instead of the social norms. Come-on how hard is it to ask for a proof of citizenship? Around the world, governments have historicallyRead MoreThe Government Must Solve The Immigration Crisis1664 Words   |  7 PagesIt is time for the U.S. government to resolve the immigration crisis, which has not only become an ethical dilemma, but also an economic setback. Finding a solution doesn’t mean drawing up a quick law or rule that will slow down the crisis, we must tackle this dilemma head on ethically in a way that is acceptable for both the government and the public. The rule of law and compassion are intertwined when discussing immigration. Rule of law revolves around the responsibility to those in the countryRead MoreEthical Issues Can Be Described As Breaking The Rules1644 Words   |  7 PagesEthical issues can easily be described as breaking the rules, however an ethical issue is a problem that causes an institute or person to make a choice between what is wrong and what is right. In the case study, Mr. Arjmenian believed that the funding for the Pine Falls Regatta were being misused. Although there was not much detail provided as to why he believed this, I would think that the 100-page letter he sent to the regatta board of directors would offer much explanation. Also, it has beenRead More Will the Real Lupe Garza Please Stand Up? Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesAn ethical dilemma is defined as a moral issue, where a situation has two equivalent undesirable alternatives and neither choice will resolve the ethical predicament. Lupe Garza, mother of two children, is a temporary employee at a plant. Garza is an excellent and talented worker, and supervisors have taken notice in her skills. A human resource specialist named Sara Jones, mislead Garza in thinking she would unquestionably obtain a permanent job position at the plant, causing Garza to turn downRead MoreHow Do The Author Characterize The Thinking Like A Historian1323 Words   |  6 Pagesthe American people could have had an effect on the president’s lack of action. Wyman’s suggested the â€Å"anti-Semitism† and the â€Å"anti-immigration† for being an influence on the nation. Breitman and Lichtman also mentioned that the anti-Semitism could have provided the president with â€Å"backlash at home.† Many Americans were still against immigration due to their issues in the past. The thought of Jews seeking shelter inside the United States upset many. Americans began thinking that the fleeing JewsRead MoreTopic Two : Ethics And Immigration1255 Words   |  6 Pages2/24/16 Topic Two: Ethics and Immigration Without some sort of global government regime, the problems that plague nations around the world are dealt with based on how their nations sees fit, or how their government is structured. One of the main ethical issues that our world is facing is the issue of immigration, both legal and illegal. Each nation has a different policy, thus allowing issues of morality to be questioned on an international scale when dealing with immigration. Through careful considerationRead MoreIs Bernie Sanders Proven Himself A Champion Of The Middle Class?987 Words   |  4 Pageshis beliefs in a bigger, better future for America. Along the lines of immigration, Senator Sanders believes very much so in creating a smoother pathway to citizenship for working immigrants and their family members. Along with paving this pathway to citizenship, which will be accomplished by the expansion of current immigration policies, Sanders also wishes to regulate the flow of future immigrants by promoting the ethical treatment of immigrant family members and minority groups as well as enhanceRead MoreImmigration Policies Contain Many Flaws1167 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2014 â€Å"Immigration† Synthesis Essay Immigration policies contain many flaws. However, they only have been implement recently in our country. In order to improve them, what ethical measures do we need to take, especially to keep terrorists from entering the U.S without harassing regular or innocent travelers? In order to solve those problematic laws and regulations, the U.S government needs to enforce more rigorous laws while keeping their treatment to the general travelers ethical. Despite the

Evaluation Of A Business Organization - 765 Words

To determine what organizations to compare to your organization you will start by looking primarily for organizations in a similar business and located in a similar geographical region. Trade associations or employer associations can frequently help by providing information. Your organization’s pay structure may differ from those in competing organizations if decisions are made to use pay as a primary reward strategy or perhaps emphasize other issues. For example, your organization might offer good training opportunities for new college graduates, and therefore, your pay-level decision is to pay typically below market. A consequence of having a pay structure out of line is that if you are overpaying, you will find it increasingly difficult to compete, since your labor costs are too high. If you are underpaying, it will be difficult to attract and retain employees. There are trade-offs, however, that make a considerable difference in the consequences of over or underpaying in r elationship to the market, for example, as mentioned in the text. 2. The most innovative alternative discussed in the text are skill-based pay. The advantages are that flexibility helps promote lower staffing levels and aids in situations where the manufacturing process demands adaptable, flexible responses. For example, flexible manufacturing, and just-in-time systems. The disadvantages are that the organization may find it difficult to use all skills effectively (i.e., work design must also change),Show MoreRelatedAnalysis And Evaluation Of The Business And Financial Performance Of An Organization1365 Words   |  6 Pagesto work on project. Reason for choosing this topic I glanced at information pack from OBU and in that they offered wide variety of topics to choose from evaluation and analysis of organisation to critical review of key factors affecting organisation or brands. But topic no. 8 made most sense to me which is â€Å"Analysis and evaluation of the business and financial performance of an organisation over a three year period†. Reason is my incline towards handling financial data and number crunching. PersonallyRead MoreEvaluation, Feedback And Rewards774 Words   |  4 Pages Evaluation, Feedback Rewards Organizations to include my very own use rewards to attract more employees, retain current employees, and motivate others. These are generally the cause for rewards in businesses. Rewards can vary from organization to organization and also the nature of the award. In order to effectively distribute rewards in an equitable manner, a system for performance evaluation must first be developed and implemented. To effectively maximize the effectiveness of the businessRead MoreEffective Training Evaluations1600 Words   |  6 Pagesto new personnel. A training evaluation measures specific outcomes or criteria to determine the benefits of the program. In order to determine the effectiveness of the program an evaluation must be conducted. Companies invest in training because learning creates knowledge; often it is this knowledge that distinguishes successful companies and employees from those who are not. While there are various ways to evaluate the effectiveness of learning within an o rganization, most methods tend to fall somewhereRead MoreMb0052 Strategic Management and Business Policy Assignment Mba Sem 41486 Words   |  6 PagesMaster of Business Management Semester IV MB0052 – Strategic Management and Business Policy - 4Credits (Book ID: B1314) Assignment Set- 1 (60 Marks) Note: Each Question carries 10 marks. Answer all the questions. 1. What is meant by ‘Strategy’? Differentiate between goals and objectives. Answer: Strategy:- The method by which an organization systematically achieves its future objectives. A business cannot progress for a long term without a reliable strategy. its conceptual evolution, scopeRead MorePrioritizing the It Project Portfolio1231 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology (IT) Projects will play a vital role in organizations and will become more critical this 21st century. A strategic direction and a corporate bottom-line can help create a good relationship between the IT projects and the organization’s objectives. Using the Project Portfolio Management (PPM) can help us identify and invest only in those projects that have a high success potential for the organization. Criteria are identified for the evaluation of the factors to be considered for the prioritizationRead MoreImportance Of Article To Students. Measurement And Evaluation1739 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Article to Students Measurement and evaluation is applicable in the field of HRD where it should be utilized in training and development. More and more, executives desire proof that funds devoted to learning programs are successful and ME makes that possible. Students need to be cognizant of barriers to the utilization of evaluation within the organization. According to Wang and Wang (2005), â€Å"the analytical barrier, the business barrier, and the technical barrier† are a reality andRead MoreStrategy Evaluation Of An Enterprise1585 Words   |  7 Pageswithout a technique of strategy evaluation. Strategy evaluation plays a vital role in the process of managing an enterprise. Strategy evaluation is an effort to look at fundamental attributes and trends that regulates success in the chosen field of endeavour instead of factors which affect short term health of business. In strategy evaluation performance is compared with desired outcomes and feedback is given to management to assess and take co rrective action.(evaluation and control byedward nii amar)Read MoreEvaluating Greenby Education Department1538 Words   |  7 PagesaRunning head: EVALUATION RESEARCH PAPER Case 10: Evaluating the Consultation and Education Department Research University of Phoenix Evaluation the Consultation and Education Department The Greenby Community Mental Health Center process evaluation measure suggests the Consultation and Education Department needs to implement the address of the real questionable issue within the organization, and to evaluate the programs being offered through the organization. The questionable issueRead MoreHuman Resources Management Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesEmployee costs usually consume 70 to 80 percent of the budget of most organizations. By managing human resources effectively and efficiently, you will know that your workers are satisfied and motivated, willing to perform their duties to the best of their abilities. Effective human resource management should help employees find meaningful work and try to provide them with career satisfaction. It may also help an organization to improve its performance and increase success. The responsibilitiesRead MoreHow Microsoft Growth Led to Control Problems Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesMicrosoft’s problems with its control and evaluation systems to each of the stages of growth in the Greiner’s model. Organizational growth is similar to the life cycle of any living entity. The organization is birthed in an entrepreneur’s head and then goes through the growth cycles to create its own version of becoming a legitimate entity that the stakeholders find dependable, responsible, and having the ability to create value (Jones, 2010). As the organization grows it must develop skills and competences

Impact of Selfie on the Personality of the Person- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Selfie on the Personality of the Person. Answer: The social networking sites that are present online have revealed that is an entirely new form of method for the self-presentation (Dhir et al., 2016). This is a tool for the cyber social to provide a new site for the analysis for examining the personality and identity of the persons. The Web site of Facebook.com has started the trend of the selfie clicking behavior in the individuals. There are several correlation analyses that have revealed that the individuals who have higher in the rate of the narcissism and always lower down the self-esteem that were related to the greater online activities as well as some of the self-promotional form of the content (Dhir et al., 2016). The gender differences were also found to have an influence to the type of content that are self-promotional that are presented by the individual. The Facebook users are the implications and for the future researches of the directions who are narcissists and they have the self-esteem on the social networking (Dhi r et al., 2016). They are also associated with the various pervasive form of the patterns that have the positive view on the traits of agentic that basically involves intelligence, power and physical attractiveness. Central to most of the theoretical models that concerns narcissism, that are used of the social relationships is often employed for the regulation of the narcissistic esteem (Lamba et al., 2016). However, there are narcissists who do not always focus on the various interpersonal form of intimacy, warmth, or any other form of the positive aspects of the relational outcomes. Instead, they often uses those relationships that always appears to be the most popular and successful. This may also seek to the attractiveness among the high status individuals as the typical romantic partners (Lamba et al., 2016). The narcissist have the tendency for seeking out the for superficial forms of the relationships and they rarely abide by the commitments for a long period. However, the relationships are pursued only when there is an opportunity for the glory of the public to present itself. In psychology, often self-esteem is observed to be the individuals overall evaluation of self to access the actual worth of the individuals (Lamba et al., 2016). The Implicit and the explicit for of self-esteem are the major subtypes of the self-esteem. The implicit form of the self-esteem is an automatic and unconscious self-evaluation and explicit self-esteem is relatively more conscious and reflective form of self-evaluation (Zhu Chen, 2015). Regardless of the different types of self-esteem, the most facts of the pervasive factors about the construct is that of all the humans have a very vital need for maintaining the fact and raise it. The broader goal of the study is to contribute towards the growing form of the body of the research at the intersections between the social media and its impact on the psychology of the person. The focus in relationship should be always between the traits of narcissism and the motivation that the people get to click so many profile pictures. The profiles on the SN can help to set a platform for the individuals who are narcissists for empathizing them to maximize their increasing rate of administration. The profile pictures are one of the most important features that are the important attributes of the extreme importance to when they should be presenting themselves to the spectators. Therefore, it is a very important form of the strategy of the self-presentation that can include the selection of the pictures, that can convey the message about the individuals self image. While it is necessary to examine the profile pictures in the relation to the differences in the personality, then the relationship should be between the personality and the motivation that are underlying in the choice of the picture, which definitely should not be avoided. The studies have the motivations into three form of the categories that are based on the factors related to the aspects of physical appearance, persona; outlook and the society the individual exists. It generally aims to the influence of motivation behind the strategies of self presentations on the individuals with varied personalities. There has been a lot of talk on the media involvement on selfie. In fact, due to the new rage created by media selfie as a word was added to the Oxford dictionary. However, it is a surprising fact that the psychologists have a little understanding about the effects of narcissism on the personality of the individual (Motsoatsoe, 2016). Narcissism is a phenomenon where there are extreme form of the self obsession and the grandiose view of the person (Motsoatsoe, 2016). The narcissists have an excessive needed to be admired by other people and they have a sense of entitlement. They are likely to agree with the statements like, Im more capable than most people, and I will usually show off if I get the chance (Witkin, 2015). Psychopath have the impulsivity and the lack of the empathy. The people who are diagnosed with any form of psychopathy will likely to agree on the small things that are related to the taking of thee excessive photographs. Self-objectification is the tendency to view ones own body as an object that are based on its sexual worth. Those with high in self-objectification tend to see themselves in terms of their physical appearance and base their self-worth on their appearances (Witkin, 2015). Many researches showed that there are both narcissism and self-objectification that were associated with spending more time online due to the social networking sites and with more of the editing of the photos. Posting numerous selfies was related to both higher narcissism and psychopathy, controlling for the overall number of other types of photos posted. The machiavellianism was unrelated to photo behaviorwhen taking these other variables into account (Motsoatsoe, 2016). Studies have also suggests that the individuals who are narcissists are more likely to show off their selfies and makes extra effort to look their best in these photos. It is very interesting to know that men who are psycho pathetic tend to click selfies more often and posts their pictures without editing it than their normal counterparts. Various studies have inferred that may be this because of the lack the self control and do not really bother to have a filter of the photographs in their posts. The photo editing suggests the level of consciousness and the fear of self presentation of the individuals (Witkin, 2015). However, these results have also shown that men who have viewed their bodies as an objects are more likely to edit their photos. The phenomenon of Self-objectification tends to be generally associated with lowself-esteem. They are quite the opposite of narcissism, which is correlated with high self-esteem. Nevertheless, this is consistent with other findings that both narcissism and low self-esteem are related to greater Facebook use. It is also important to note that those high on self-objectification didnt post more selfiesthey were just more conscious about their appearance in the ones that they did post. Given the greater self-objectification tendencies of women, it would be interesting to examine these questions in a female sample as well However, before we start pointing at each of the selfie-posting on Facebook friends of being self-obsessednarcissistsandpsychopaths,realizethatthesecorrelations(thoughstatistically significant)were relatively small, and the sample studied didnt include women. The researchrs have defined selfie to be the self portrait form of the photograph that are taken with the help of the camera of the phone by holding the phone an arms length or been pointed in front of the mirror. They are usually shared through the medium of social media. There are various kinds of selfies that eventually does not include the other people. The researchers have found out the various form s of the selfies that include the solo sefie, romantic selfie with partner and group selfie (Annadani et al., 2015). Through the studies it has been evident that researches have been examined the results that has been observed from the men in America and Poland. The researchers conducted two studies, measuring narcissism and selfie-posting behavior. It is very important to watch that there are increased form of demand for admiring the women who shows up taking selfies alone and woman who are taking selfies with their partner. There was no increase in a need for more attention when a woman posted a selfie involving a group of people. All the studies have been conducted so far are involving the men and the women have also only shown a small correlation between taking a selfie and increased narcissism. Part of these issues contributes to the certain factors may not yet be fully uncovered which can explain certain behaviors (Annadani et al., 2015). For most of the people who are taking a selfie and posting them would not be the core sign of the narcissism but instead they may be simply for someone to showing off their new haircut or sharing a beautiful moment with their friends. Certain types of photos suggest increased narcissism but further studies will have to be done on the link between why we take and post selfies. There is also more to learn about why there is a larger increase in narcissism with men over women. Whether it is someone taking selfies or youve noticed a new or confusing behavioral trait in a loved one, narcissism is a complicated matter (Annadani et al., 2015). Therefore, to study the impact on the narcissism of the individual on their persona we need to observe the basic behavior patterns of the individuals. Aim of the study To assess if there was a relationship between the amounts of self -promotion within social media profile photo choices and level of narcissism Hypothesis H1: There is no significant relationship between the amounts of self -promotion within social media profile photo choices and level of narcissism H a: There is significant relationship between the amounts of self -promotion within social media profile photo choices and level of narcissism Method Participants Participation is voluntary, and involves completing a short anonymous online questionnaire which focus on social media profile and questions about some personality characteristics. the participants must be over 18 years.1784 people completed the questions out of which only 1681 people use different types of social media. the age range of participants vary between 18-82(M=28.89 years, SD=12.94 years), in which 422 are males ,1255 are females and 4 others. Material All the participants (males and females) participated online a link was sent to them through email by the trimester 2 students of Psychology B. it contains questions about the social media profile picture and personality characteristics of participants. questions about gender, age, social media sites which they use , profile pictures they like to display , what they like to post and do on social media. every participant may be respond in a different manner based on his or her preference. there is percentage sacle to quantify the usage of social media sites Procedure Participants (males and females were asked about their age and gender and which social media website they use regularly. after that in the next step they are shown with some profile pictures and asked to rate them how likely they use each type on their own profiles. There are different pictures for males and females. After that they are provided with some set of statements and asked to choose from that that comes closer to their own feelings, thoughts and beliefs. it took hardly 10 minutes to complete the questionnaire. data was collected and analysed by the teaching staff for the result and conclusion of the study. Result To assess if there was a relationship between the amount of self -promotion within social media profile photo choices and level of narcissism, a bivariate correlational analysis was completed. a strong, positive relationship between self-promotion and narcissism was found which mean that as the one variable increase it put synergism effect on the other, r=.80(a tough relationship),p=0.00(so there is less than 5% probability that result occurred by chance i.e. a statistically significant association - self-promotion is related to narcissism), representing 64% shared variance between the variables Discussion From the above study, it is clear that there exists a strong positive relationship between self-promotion and narcissism. Two strains of the behavior of narcissists, firstly grandiose narcissism and secondly vulnerable narcissism are often shown in the various relationships for using the social networking sites. The grandose form of the narcissism are the more extroverted and the callous form that are positively related to the mount of time spent with the social media use, the frequency of the updates and also the frequency to post the selfies (DiFonzo, 2016). The vulnerable narcissism on the other hand are more of a insecure form where they do not show any relation to the social media, however there still is a relatively very little amount of research that has been done on this form of narcissism. However, Campbell and his colleagues (2015), have found out that when the individuals engage with the social media, they will be engaging in the more amount of narcissism than that might ever exist in the world. This can obviously distort the view of the world to be more narcissist than others can (Annadani et al., 2016). Therefore, from the evidences collected, it proves that there exists a positive relationship between the self-promotion of the individuals through the social media with them becoming narcissists. References Dhir, A., Pallesen, S., Torsheim, T., Andreassen, C. S. (2016). Do age and gender differences exist in selfie-related behaviours?.Computers in Human Behavior,63, 549-555. Lamba, H., Bharadhwaj, V., Vachher, M., Agarwal, D., Arora, M., Kumaraguru, P. (2016). Me, Myself and My Killfie: Characterizing and Preventing Selfie Deaths.arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.01911. Dumas, T. M., Maxwell-Smith, M., Davis, J. P., Giulietti, P. A. (2017). Lying or longing for likes? Narcissism, peer belonging, loneliness and normative versus deceptive like-seeking on Instagram in emerging adulthood.Computers in Human Behavior,71, 1-10. DiFonzo, A. (2016). Cyberbullying, Social Media Fitness Selfies: An Evolutionary Perspective. Annadani, Y., Naganoor, V., Jagadish, A. K., Chemmangat, K. (2016, November). Selfie Detection by Synergy-Constraint Based Convolutional Neural Network. InSignal-Image Technology Internet-Based Systems (SITIS), 2016 12th International Conference on(pp. 335-342). IEEE. Roberts, J., Koliska, M. (2017). Comparing the use of space in selfies on Chinese Weibo and Twitter.Global Media and China,2(2), 2059436417709847. Akmam, J., Huq, N. (2016). Living Parallel-ly in Real and Virtual: Internet as an Extension of Self. InDefining Identity and the Changing Scope of Culture in the Digital Age(pp. 230-239). IGI Global. Witkin, N. D. (2015).The Role of Personality, Attachment, and Narcissism in Regards to Social Networking: An Examination of Social Network Users. Alliant International University. Pereira, J. D. A. (2016).Believe in yourself (ie): a study of young, ordinary, South African women who share selfies on instagram(Doctoral dissertation). Fields, A., Carter, M. (2015). Selfie.Community Literacy Journal,10(1), 101-109. Farhadi, B. (2017). Narratives of Safety on Social Media: The Case of# mysafetyselfie.The Professional Geographer, 1-10. Zhu, Y. Q., Chen, H. G. (2015). Social media and human need satisfaction: Implications for social media marketing.Business horizons,58(3), 335-345. Holmes, S. (2017). My anorexia story: girls constructing narratives of identity on YouTube.Cultural Studies,31(1), 1-23. Dhir, A., Pallesen, S., Torsheim, T., Andreassen, C. S. (2016). Do age and gender differences exist in selfie-related behaviours?.Computers in Human Behavior,63, 549-555. Kleemans, M., Daalmans, S., Carbaat, I., Anschtz, D. (2016). Picture Perfect: The Direct Effect of Manipulated Instagram Photos on Body Image in Adolescent Girls.Media Psychology, 1-18. Di Foggia, G. (2015). About the Anti-Figurativeness of# selfie.(Location of# selfie).Networking Knowledge: Journal of the MeCCSA Postgraduate Network,8(6). Leijten, F. R., Struckmann, V., van Ginneken, E., Czypionka, T., Kraus, M., Reiss, M., ... Busse, R. (2017). The SELFIE framework for integrated care for multi-morbidity: Development and description.Health Policy. Greenberg, J. M. (2014). The Privacy-Proof Plaintiff: But First, Let Me Share Your Selfie.JL Pol'y,23, 689. Motsoatsoe, B. I. (2016).From clicking" yes I am attending", to actually attending: audience development for independent theatre organisations in Johannesburg-the place of facebook(Doctoral dissertation).

Secure Your Site to Boost SEO

by Chris Reid Internet security is a growing concern, and the fact that sites like eBay have been hacked in recent months has highlighted the problem. Google’s interest in security goes beyond its own sites and services. The company is campaigning to make the Internet a safer place, and has recently launched new security resources for webmasters. Google wants to ensure that sites users access from its search engine don’t present security threats. Search algorithms have recently been revised to reward sites using the HTTPS protocol, but what are theimplications for SEO? The impact of site security on ranking currently carries less weight than other factors, but many experts believe it will become an important factor in SEO over coming months. If you own a website, write SEO website content or work in the world of SEO, you need to understand these issues and consider what action you may need to take to protect your ranking. Google’s search engine is firmly established as the market leader, but the company never takes this for granted. Its focus is always on the user experience. Updates like Hummingbird and Panda often cause controversy in the world of SEO, but these changes are only introduced to improve things for the user. The intention is never to downgrade ranking and penalize sites just for the sake of it. The risk of reputational damage and loss of trust means Google wants to avoid directing a user to a website which could be a security threat. Google take a proactive approach to Internet security, and sites with out of date software and other gaps in security are notified of problems. Around ten thousand webmasters are receiving these warnings every day. If you receive a notification like this it’s critical that you take action. Ultimately sites are tagged with the warning â€Å"This site may harm your computer† in search results if problems aren’t resolved. Aside of the impact poor security can have on SEO, having this warning appear on your site means the click through rate will drop rapidly. If you simply need to update software to current versions your ranking may not suffer at all, but gaining Google’s trust again isn’t always possible in a couple of days. If your site has been hacked or targeted for a malicious attack, some serious work may be required. The first step is to investigate how a hacker entered your site. This helps to identify security weaknesses and means you can reduce the risk of further attacks. Check all of the content and pages are restored to their original versions. Finally, scan for malicious codes, change passwords and check the site’s redirects haven’t been tampered with. There’s some debate in the SEO community as to whether all websites will have to move to HTTPS encryption, but given Google’s recent announcements it’s worth considering this now. The first stage is to introduce SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) technology to your site. Your hosting company should be able to offer advice about installing SSL on your domain and generate a CSR (Certificate Signing Request) key. Once you have the CSR key you can purchase an SSL certificate from providers like Verisyn, Entrust and Geotrust. Once your site’s secure you can focus on writingquality content for your website to increase SEO even more.

Palliative Care Nursing Practice - case study

Palliative Care Nursing Practice - case study IntroductionThis assignment is aimed at demonstrating how the author understands the concepts of holistic therapeutic practice in palliative care and how the principles of palliative care are applied in the clinical setting. The author will demonstrate this in the format of a case study. There will be an introduction to palliative care with definitions of therapeutic and holistic care and some discussion around how the principles of palliative care are applied in the clinical setting. The author will then introduce the client chosen for the case study and identify an aspect of their care that is going to be explored and explain the reasoning behind this. Finally there will be an overall conclusion with recommendations made for future practice based on the authors' critique.Definitions of palliative careThe World Health Organisation (2002) stated that the goal of palliative care is to control patient's pain and other symptoms associated with the whole person, being their body, soul an d mind, whilst enabling patient's and their families to maintain a quality of life.English: Dunbar Hospital, Thurso Community Hospita...However there are many definitions from various authors about the principles and philosophy of palliative care but they all relate to the same basis and that is that the philosophy and principles of palliative care is to look after the patient as a whole and not just treat the illness with the main focus being that the patient has the best quality of life possible and is allowed to die with dignity (Kemp, 1995). Faull, Carter and Daniels (2005) and Watson, Lucas, Hoy and Back (2005) define that palliative care is not a substitute for other care but a means to compliment it, therefore ensuring the patient and family gets the optimum care and the best quality of life possible, whilst encompassing the whole person, spiritually and psychologically.Potter and...

These Are -Some Adjectives

These Are -Some Adjectives These Are â€Å"-Some† Adjectives These Are â€Å"-Some† Adjectives By Mark Nichol The suffix -some has one of three functions. The most common function, the adjectival one, helps us enrich our vocabulary, and in some cases (especially when -some is attached to a heretofore unacquainted noun to create a nonce word) provides a whimsical or otherwise humorous tone. The adjectival use of -some (stemming ultimately from the Old English word for some) aids in characterizing something tangible or intangible. Some -some words are ubiquitous; others may be new to you. Here’s a nearly comprehensive list. 1. Awesome: This term, tragically weakened by hyperbolic usage, originally had the potent sense of â€Å"something inspiring awe.† (Awe, â€Å"a combination of wonder, dread, and profound respect,† came to us from the Old Norse word agi.) As a result, it is best avoided except in the most casual contexts. 2. Adventuresome: In Middle English, aventure meant â€Å"chance, risk† (ultimately from Latin adventus, â€Å"to arrive†). Adventuresome is a close synonym of adventurous, â€Å"inclined to undertake risks.† 3. Blithesome: Blithe, which comes down to us unchanged from Old English, means â€Å"happy† or â€Å"heedless†; blithesome refers to the former sense. 4. Bothersome: Bother’s etymology is unknown, but its meaning and that of bothersome is clear: A bother is a worry or an annoyance, and something bothersome arouses those feelings. 5. Burdensome: Burden (from the Middle English word byrthen, â€Å"something born, or carried†) is a load or a responsibility, and the connotation is usually negative, so a burdensome task or duty is an unpleasant one. 6. Chucklesome: This expression, based on the root word chuckle, â€Å"laugh† (itself derived from chuck, a variant of cluck, meaning â€Å"a click of the tongue†) means â€Å"inclined to laugh,† or â€Å"humorous.† 7. Cuddlesome: To cuddle (etymology unknown) is to hug, and something cuddlesome is worthy of such attention. 8. Cumbersome: The use of this term’s root word (â€Å"hinder, clutter,† from the Middle French word combre, â€Å"dam†) is rare, though encumber is more familiar. Cumbersome itself means â€Å"unwieldy† or â€Å"ponderous.† 9. Dolesome: This synonym for doleful is based on an archaic synonym for grief and means â€Å"sorrowful.† 10. Fearsome: Though this word can mean both â€Å"causing fear† and â€Å"feeling fear† (or, more accurately, â€Å"timid†), the former usage prevails. However, a third sense, also more common than the latter, is â€Å"extreme,† as in â€Å"fearsome ambition.† 11. Flavorsome: This synonym of flavorful is based on the term ultimately derived from the Latin word flatus, â€Å"breath† (which glad you asked is also the origin of flatulence). 12. Frolicsome: The root word, a borrowing from the Dutch word vroolijk, â€Å"happy,† means â€Å"playful† in English, so frolicsome refers to someone in such a mood. 13. Fulsome: This term, a combination of full and -some, is one of a class of words that have unfortunately acquired contradictory or confusing senses. Actually, fulsome started out that way, with the senses of â€Å"abundant, generous, well developed† competing with â€Å"offensive, overdone, effusive.† Although the negative senses long prevailed, they have been overtaken, though not thoroughly, by the positive ones. The result: Unless the context is clear, your readers may not know which sense you intend to convey. 14. Gladsome: This word, whose root is the word that means â€Å"expressing happiness or joy,† is a synonym for cheerful. 15. Gruesome: This word for something frightening or repulsive stems from the Middle English word gruen, â€Å"to shiver.† The root word is seldom used on its own, usually in horror fiction. 16. Handsome: Of all the some words, this one has perhaps the most interesting etymology. It originated in Middle English when hand, the word for the extension of the arm, was attached to -some to mean â€Å"easy to use.† The meaning was extended to â€Å"appropriate,† and from there is wasn’t too much of a leap to the sense of â€Å"attractive.† 17. Irksome: To irk is to weary or irritate, and something irksome arouses those feelings. 18. Lithesome: Lithesome and its variant, lissome, mean â€Å"nimble, flexible,† from an old English word for â€Å"slow.† 19. Loathsome: The root word now has a sense of â€Å"reluctant, unwilling,† but the Middle English word loth, from which it stems, means â€Å"evil,† and the modern definition of loathsome is â€Å"disgusting.† 20. Lonesome: This word means â€Å"feeling lonely.† 21. Lovesome: This term means â€Å"winsome† (see below) or â€Å"affectionate.† 22. Meddlesome: Meddle (from the Latin word miscere, â€Å"to mix†) means â€Å"to interfere,† and a meddlesome person, therefore, is a busybody. 23. Mettlesome: The previous term should not be confused with this word for â€Å"spirited,† from mettle, an alteration of metal with the connotation of â€Å"strength, stamina.† 24. Nettlesome: This synonym for irritating is based on nettle, the name for any of various plants that sting or have prickly parts. 25. Noisome: The root word for this synonym for harmful or objectionable is not noise but Middle English noy, â€Å"annoyance.† However, considering that noise ultimately stems from the Latin word nausea, which English borrowed directly, perhaps they’re related after all. 26. Quarrelsome: Quarrel (from the Latin word querela, â€Å"complaint† which is also the source of querulous but not of query) means â€Å"to struggle or dispute,† and a quarrelsome person is one inclined to fight or argue. 27. Tiresome: This word’s meaning stems from the senses of tire meaning â€Å"to fatigue or bore.† A tiresome person or situation is one that causes fatigue or boredom. 28. Toilsome: Toil means â€Å"strenuous labor,† and a toilsome task is an unusually laborious one. 29. Toothsome: This synonym for attractive or delicious, with a reference to the toothsome person or provender’s impact on the teeth as an extension of the sense of taste, may seem a fairly recent coinage, but it is in fact hundreds of years old. 30. Troublesome: Trouble (ultimately from the Latin word turbulentus, from which turbulent is also derived) is the root of this word meaning â€Å"difficult, causing trouble.† 31. Venturesome: The root word of this term is an alteration of adventure, and venturesome is a synonym of adventuresome (see above), but it has an distinct sense of â€Å"hazardous† as well. 32. Wearisome: This word’s root is a synonym for tired, and wearisome is, likewise, another word for tiresome (see above). 33. Wholesome: The root word is whole (from the Middle English word hool, â€Å"healthy, unhurt, entire,† ultimately from Old English hal, from which we also derive hale), but the word means not only â€Å"healthy† but also â€Å"proper, prudent, safe.† It is the only word on this list with an antonym formed simply by appending the prefix -un. 34. Winsome: The meanings of winsome are â€Å"charming† or â€Å"cheerful,† but the root is derived not from the Old English predecessor of win, as in â€Å"to achieve victory† (winnan, â€Å"struggle†) but from the same language’s term wynn, â€Å"joy.† (However, both winnan and wynn probably ultimately stem from the Latin word venus, â€Å"desire.†) 35. Worrisome: A worrisome thought or deed is simply one that provokes worry, or concern. The other, more pedestrian uses of the suffix -some are to attach it to one of several numbers to indicate a group of people, as in twosome, threesome, and foursome (fivesome and sixsome are also listed in at least one unabridged dictionary, but the suffix is not applied to larger numbers) or to convey an approximation, as in â€Å"Twenty-some people attended the meeting.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesHyper and Hypo50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses

The Effects of Alcohol on the Body Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Effects of Alcohol on the Body - Term Paper Example The present research article highlight the impact of alcohol on the various organ and organ systems of human body. As soon as the alcohol is consumed, it enters the blood stream. 70% of the human body is made up of water and alcohol is distributed in this water content. Organs which require plentiful blood supply to work in an appropriate manner, such as brain, are badly affected. Various other active organs like heart, liver, kidneys etc are also affected. Essentially, need to understand the impact of alcohol on various organs is of paramount significance. Introduction Since the dawn of human civilization, use of drugs and alcohol became an inevitable part of life to relieve sufferings and have a contented and happy life. Human beings possess a craving for good food items which not only generate a good feeling but also act as a stimulant. This was pertinent to making them look for substances which alleviated their mood. Discovery of fermentation served as a landmark which paved the way for alcohol production. With time, alcohol production has taken new paradigms and has become a part of culture as social drink while others became addicted to the same. Consumption of alcohol is harmful in its natural form, besides, human temperament to enhance the potency of the compound, the natural flavor was altered and things started taking a new shape and composition to provide mood swing and to deflect the feelings of stress and anxiety towards good emotions. Gradually, this process took a large form, and now people consume alcohol on a regular basis. Once beneficial in altering the situation of melancholy and dissatisfaction for individuals to feel a new life, alcohol consumption becomes part of their routine forming habit, high consumption is deleterious to health and affects the body system to a greater extent (History of Drug & Alcohol Abuse). Alcohol is a volatile liquid and possess high affinity for water. This makes alcohol highly soluble and thereby alcohol causes depressant effect on central nervous system. It acts as a hypnotic sedative and cause an array of deleterious consequences. Alcohol concentration in blood is signified as BAC or Blood Alcohol Content (Effects of Alcohol on the Human Body). Impact of Alcohol on Human Body Physical Effects of Alcohol Alcohol affects body and brain, implications are observed in the walking styles of the individual as well as way of speaking, in certain cases one may speak meaningless and irrational things. Behaviour of the individual could be out of character. However some of the features may remain with the individual while others may vanish overnight. individuals may display hangover when they wake up. As soon as alcohol is consumed, it irritates oesophagus and stomach, followed by sickness, nausea and in some cases diarrhoea. Alcohol also brings dehydration causing thumping effect (Effects of Alcohol). Appearance Lot of alcohol consumption may result in bloating and dark eye circles, alcohol also l eads to dryness of skin, wrinkles may appear which shows premature aging. Heavy consumption of alcohol leads to the development of acne rosacea resulting in the facial disfiguration, this condition is known as rhinophyma (Effects of Alcohol). Alcohol Poisoning Alcohol consumption results in alcohol poisoning, individual may tend to inhale self vomiting resulting in lung damage,

Needs to be a current argument of something in the health field some Research Paper

Needs to be a current argument of something in the health field some type of controversy - Research Paper Example They ‘without causing’ any harm to the child will help the child body produce antibodies, which will stay in the body for a longer time, fighting off viruses and bacteria in future as well. However, this vaccination process is not without controversy because there is a view among particular sections of population that it could lead to Autism. Autism is a developmental disorder of brain function. Symptoms of Autism usually occur before the age of 3 and include; impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication and imagination, and unusual or severely limited activities or interests. People with Autism can exhibit a wide variety of symptoms and behaviors, thus Autism is considered a spectrum disorder. The exact cause of Autism was not yet cornered. However, researches believe it can be caused by specific genes. Other researchers link Autism with vaccinations. Still others believe toxins and pollutants could cause it. Among these reasons for Autism, the reason that vaccination could cause Autism has been subject of controversy for some time, with one section opposing it while another section believing it. The crux of the controversy is that vaccines given to children as part of immunization for various diseases could act adversely and could damage the brain regions leading to Autism. This controversial news entered the public domain in 1998, when British gastroenterologist Andrew Wakefield and his team published an article in The Lancet focusing on the detrimental role of MMR vaccines in causing Autism. (Godlee, Smith and Marcovitch 77). Wakefield and his team examined the digestive tracts of 12 children with behavioral disorders, nine of them being Autistic, who were given MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine. On examination, they found that the 9 Autistic children had inflammation of the intestines. Based on this

Reponses to Attachment. Two different positions Essay Example for Free

Reponses to Attachment. Two different positions Essay My chosen topic involves the use of food stamps for fast food which raises the main question, should you be able to go for food stamps for fast food. Food stamps simply refers to an assistance food program by the federal government in the United States to offer food to the low income earners and those who do not have any income whereby they are issued with coupons or paper and currently cards are used. The food stamps are issued for free by the government to allow poor people and low income earners to access food regardless of the nutritional value from any outlets such as supermarkets which accepts the cards or the stamps. The government issues the food stamps free of charge to all people and families who are in need. I came across this topic on food stamps on the internet, when I was conducting a research on the use of adverts on fast foods by various companies. Being an individual who values charity and helping others and considering my interest in fast food business, it got me wondering what would happen if food stamps could be allowed for fast foods. This generated my interest in this topic and how it will affect fast food business. I hope to gain more understanding on the impacts of the food stamps on fast food business and to ascertain whether it could be allowed for fast food. Provide a brief summary of the topic. Explain the current issues surrounding the topic and share at least two different positions on the topic             The main aim of the government in providing food stamps to families and people who are poor, elderly and even disabled and those who are homeless was to enable them to have something to eat. However, there are certain issue which surrounds the issue of food stamps whereby it is thought to be a contributing factor towards some disorders such as obesity. According to Aldhous (2013), the food stamps could be the option which can be applied in the fight against obesity epidemic which has become rampant in the United States. The author of the article says that obesity can be controlled through the food stamps which could be issued for the purchase of nutritious foods. The author observes that restriction on the choice of foods people could access through the food stamps will be of great help ion handling the obesity situation in the US (Aldhous, 2013). This indicates the author’s support for the food stamps program which could generate health improvement among t he beneficiaries of the food stamps. It is the suggestion of the author that the use of food stamps could be the way towards a healthier nation in the coming future (Aldhous, 2013). However, in another article by Whitmore (2013) the restrictions which are to placed on the use of food stamps with regard to sugary foods may not work. The author of the article observes that putting ban or restrictions on the use of food stamps in the purchase of sugary foods may have negative impacts which will even result in the ineffectiveness of the food stamps (Whitmore, 2013). Whitmore explains that the bans or restrictions on the use food stamps will result in extra expenses for the government in terms of administration costs (Whitmore, 2013). Furthermore, the author observes that placing restrictions on the use of food stamps on sugary foods would cause stigma on the people who are supposed to benefit from the program. What specific issue will you write about within the larger topic, and what unique angle will you provide?             The specific issue that I will write about is the impacts of food stamps on fast food business and health of consumers. This is based on the observation that fast food businesses have become quite popular and therefore, it would be wonderful to know how the food stamps can impact on the business as well as health matters. Define your audience. Who are they, and what are their needs, motivations, and influences? In what ways will you need to structure your writing to appeal to them?             It is important to know the kind of audience who will make use of the information provided here. In this case, the targeted audience will include fast food business investors and also the customers who have been issued with the food stamps. The investor have the need to know how the business will be affected if the food stamps are allowed for fast foods. The motivation for this audience is the positive benefits they will receive in terms of revenue and the customer base. Furthermore, the investors are influenced by the consumer behaviour that is displayed when purchasing products. To appeal to the audience which is comprised of investors may be a challenge but in this case, this work will be structured in form of an argumentative essay. This will is due to the reason that it will easier to weigh and outline all the available options with supporting evidence which can influence the decisions of the investors. The structure of an argumentative essay will create a chance for the investors to associate more with the writing depending on which side of the argument they feel outweighs the other. References Aldhous, P. (2013). Food stamps could help US trim obesity epidemic. New Scientist, 219(2928), 10.Whitmore, D. (2013). Proposals to ban purchase of sugary drink with food stamps wont work. Inside Tucson Business, 22(43), 22. Source document

Evaluation of a modified neck snare to live-capture coyotes :: essays research papers

Pruss, S.D., N.L. Cool, R.J. Hudson and A.R. Gaboury. 2002. Evaluation of a modified neck snare to live-capture coyotes. Wildlife Society bulletin. 30(2):508-516. Many researchers opt for the most humane and safe techniques when obtaining live animals for study. A variety of devices are employed in the trapping of coyotes (Canis latrans), one option being the neck snare. Since all trapping methods have their dangers, researchers in the article â€Å"Evaluation of a modified neck snare to live-capture coyotes,† are motivated to improve trap safety to decrease mortality rates. The modified neck snare consisted of a supporting wire, swivel, locking neck snare and a diazepam tab sedative. The thick, supporting anchor wire (firmly attached to a tree or log) was secured to a snare swivel. Connected to the swivel was the locking snare, which was comprised of a Cam-LocTM. The lock was set to 27cm so that coyotes could be caught safely while reducing the capture of non-subject animals (i.e. elk, moose, deer, and bison). The diazepam tab, also attached to the swivel, consisted of 40mg of crushed diazepam between two strips of cotton. Consumed at the time of capture, this sedative was important to live-captures by decreasing aggression thus lowering incident of injury (lacerations or bruising) and death due to stress or fatal injuries. Research of coyotes occurred in a 194-km2 area of Elk Island National Park (EINP), of Alberta, Canada. 51 coyotes were captured between 15 November-1 April over a period of 9,379 trap nights and 7,421 trap days. Researchers took care in assembling the snares so that any traces of human scent were masked. The traps were then set up along game trails avoiding any exposed or hazardous sites. Every 12-24 hours they were checked to reduce capture time, further reducing stress and injury. Once captured, the coyote was restrained and the immobilizing anesthetic, Telazol, was administered to keep them stationary. The animal was kept warm during the cleaning and stitching of injuries, recording of weight, fitting of eartags and radiocollars, blood collection and injection of antibiotics and an antiparasitic agent.

GCSE English Coursework (Love Poems) Essay

Love is a common stereotypical subject for poets, which has been used for many centuries. The poems we have been studying contain a collection of emotions all based around the theme of ‘love’. John Clare used the impact of your ‘First Love’ to create the impression of the effect being deathly ill. He creates images such as, â€Å"Are flowers the winters choice? Is loves bed always snow?† This shows me that although he really loves her, he can’t have her and he is thinking that flowers don’t stay forever when it turns winter and she doesn’t love him. Also he says things like â€Å"My legs refused to walk away†. This shows me that he is so astonished of what he is seeing, he can’t look away and she is so beautiful he thinks he could have her. In comparison to this John Clare also states that, â€Å"My face turned pale as deadly pale†. Which also suggests that John Clare’s first experience of his ‘First Love’ being some sort of illness. John Clare also creates the feeling of your true love being forever blossomed as he says things like: â€Å"Her face it bloomed like a sweet flower†. Suggesting to us that the poet clearly states he loves her as he compares her to a flower and the symbolisms behind flowers are usually passion and romance. The fact that she is a ‘Sweet Flower’ emphasises her living beauty as being a perfect flower. John Clare proves to me that this woman, to him, is his dream woman as he states, â€Å"Stole my heart away complete†. This clearly shows me that the moment he set eyes on her, he gave his heart to her forever and when he saw her he never wanted to be with anyone else ever again. At the climax of the poem it turns into a very sad ending, John Clare states that, â€Å"My heart has left its dwelling place and can return no more.† And this makes me feel very sorry for John Clare as his first love experience is marked clearly to me as being something very sad and upsetting. In comparison to first love is ‘Shall I Compare Thee?† by William Shakespeare which is another classic example of love poetry as it was usually used to show your emotions through songs or poems. â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee?† is a sonnet which reflects the mood of the poet. Its rhythm is iambic pentameter, having ten syllables to each line. The structure of three quatrains and a rhyming couplet at the end, In the first quatrain Shakespeare presents a question and an answer to the reader, then in the second, he continues to compare this person to a summer’s day, and not saying a summer’s day is not continuously beautiful. In the third quatrain it has a turning point with the word ‘but’, saying this person is described as superior to not only a summer’s day but to life itself. Finally in the ending couplet he talks about how this person immortally will last, through the ages in the poem’s lines. He uses personification in the line, â€Å"And often is his gold complexion dim’d†. He shows me that he is attempting to compare another attribute of this person with something compared with summer. It also uses a metaphor in the line, â€Å"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines†. This shows me that even though he said that this person is beautiful sometimes they can be too beautiful. In the line, â€Å"But thy eternal sommer shall not fade† Shows me that a person’s beauty will last for so many years after, and we are still reading it today. ‘Porphyrias Lover’ is linked to ‘My Last Duchess’; they are both written by Robert Browning and he connects them by his use of possessive words such as ‘Mine’ and ‘I’. He sets off the scene of a really bad, stormy night, which â€Å"Vexes the lake† which brings the poem to life as it makes the wind seem alive with anger, but this sets off questions in my head saying, why would Porphyria want to travel through stormy weather just to see an arrogant man? There is also the ‘Gliding’ entrance of Porphyria as the atmosphere changes from a gloomy, dark cottage to a warming feeling as she relights the fire and performs an erotic display of taking her wet, outer clothing off. The writer’s use of the words ‘Withdrew’ and ‘Let fall’ made the scene sound like a sexual tease. Porphyria comes up to the writer in this poem and offers him her bare shoulder; He tells us that he does not speak to her. Instead, he says, she begins to tell him how she has come over to him in really bad weather just to be with him. He realizes that she ‘Worships’ him and wants to preserve the moment forever so he strangles her, thinking that doing this she can stay with him forever and never leave him, but in doing this it makes me shudder as he says, â€Å"I warily oped her lids again, laughed the blue eyes without a stain.† This is making me feel like he is sort of playing with the dead body and making my original predicament of him as being a psychopath true. Then Robert Browning goes on to say, â€Å"About her neck, her cheek once more, blushed bright beneath my burning kiss†. This shows me that even though she is dead he thinks she can still feel love and passion and when he kisses her she still loves him. The writer in this poem is portrayed as a calculating villain who just stays in a passive stance as he â€Å"Debates what to do†, Being like this totally changes the atmosphere of the poem as the writer states, â€Å"I found a thing to do, and with all her hair, in one long yellow string I wound three times her little throat around and strangles her†. From this it doesn’t sound like porphyria put up much of a struggle and when he said, â€Å"That moment she was mine, mine, fair, perfectly pure and good† This makes him sound like the grim reaper as he states that she is his and his alone. Robert Browning ends the poem in a peculiar way by saying that God agrees with what he has done because he hasn’t said a word, this shows me that he acts like a crazy person as he thinks killing someone, God wouldn’t care less and wouldn’t say anything about it. ‘My Last Duchess’ has a similar contrast of an egotistic nature as the duke portrays himself as a sycophant as he is back stabbing her by saying things about her, even though she is dead, to a person of a much lower class to him. By stating, â€Å"Since none puts by the curtain that I have drawn for you, but I†. Puts his character in a state of control this also links to when he says, â€Å"Will’t you please sit and look at her?† Even though it has a question mark when you say it out loud you realise it sounds more like an order given to the servant. When he says, â€Å"She ranked my gift of a nine-hundred years old name, with anybody’s gift.† This shows me that he is saying a nine-hundred year old title of the duchess made her think that she is very lucky and he is amazing, but when the duke sees her receiving cherries from a man of a lower class she had the same expression as she was: â€Å"Too easily impressed; she liked whate’er, she looked on, and her looks went everywhere.† As he thought that she was cheating on him and she loved every man that gave her a present but in actual fact she was being nice to everyone, even to those of a lower class to her. In this poem the duke is a boaster, he likes to drop famous names of people into the subject to make him sound really important, like when he says, â€Å"Fra Pandolf† by design, for never read, strangers like you. As he drops a famous artists name into the conversation, he also shows yet another strong arrogant word as he says ‘You’ like being something not worthwhile to speak to, or something that has come off the street as he speaks to this servant like a piece of dirt. After reading these poems, I have looked at the different qualities of ‘Love’ and how it can effect people and their actions and how there is a fine line between love and hate, and in love, hate is just as strong.

Employer-Employee Relations in Northrop Grumman Essay

Employer and employee relations have many different ways in which organizations understand laws and guidelines set forth by governing bodies in the respective area and within the entire nation (Bennett-Alexander, & Hartman, 2007). This paper analyzes the differences in regular employees vs. temporary employees and independent contractors. It will also discuss the differences between exempt and non-exempt employees. Finally, it will look at the laws in Colorado and how Northrop Grumman responds to those laws. â€Å"Regular† Employees vs. Temporaries or Independent Contractors The Board of Directors and human resources department at Northrop Grumman strongly believes in and upholds the various employment laws that have been established and enforced by the EEOC. Northrop Grumman’s human resource department has provided an employee manual to each worker, which contains an enclosed at-will clause. Furthermore, Northrop Grumman has an extended workweek compensation policy for all salaried staff members. According to the company’s employee handbook, salaried employees who are scheduled to  work 40 hours or more per week are required to receive an extended amount of compensation for their time. In addition, all regular employees are only entitled to receive straight pay regardless if any overtime has been worked throughout the workweek. The only time an exception is made regarding salaried employees is if they work during a holiday or on a Saturday or Sunday. However, for an employee to be able to receive holiday pay, that individual must be on the active payroll and not on leave of absence (Northrop Grumman, 2006). Northrop Grumman also offers a variety of different to help its employees continue their education, which includes tuition reimbursement and graduate study programs and are offered to all employees (Northrop Grumman, 2006). Overall, all regular employees at Northrop Grumman are compensated with various perks, such as a flexible benefits packages that’s tailored to fit their individual and family needs; in addition, vacation, bereavement, holiday and leave of absence pay. In terms of temporary or independent contractors, they are treated entirely different from regular employees due-to being leased workers. These types of employees are not granted such things as company benefits packages, incentives and saving plans. Lastly, these workers must adhere to company training, applicable laws, regulations, policies and procedures that govern the occupational safety and health practices (OSHA). Exempt vs. Non-Exempt Employees An exempt employee varies from a non-exempt employee in many ways. _Exempt Employees_ The first type of employee is an exempt employee. An exempt employee is an employee who is paid on salary and does not get a reduced paycheck because they do not work a certain number of hours or do a certain amount of work. An exempt employee is given a base salary, which is the annual salary, which excludes shift, overtime and other differentials or bonuses. Another fact about exempt employee is that they are not subject to minimum wage and overtime requirements as set forth by the Fair Labor Standards Act. An exempt employee may be required to work more than a 40 hour work week without any compensation. An exempt employee can work an extended workweek (EWW). This means that they can, in extraordinary circumstances, work extra hours during a workweek and get paid additional compensation. At Northrop Grumman, the exempt employee must work at least six hours over the employee’s standard workweek to be considered working an extended workweek. The extended workweek cannot last more than three months for each project or approval by recommending manager, approving manager, contracts director and HR director. When an EWW is in effect, the employee’s straight time rate will be paid for each hour worked. The straight time rate is figured by dividing the employee’s weekly salary by the number of hours they are regularly scheduled (Northrop Grumman, 2006). An example of how an exempt employee is paid is: if an employee is 50% exempt and has a standard word schedule of 24 hours per timesheet and the employee works 32 hours on a timesheet, the employee is eligible to receive 2 hours of EWW pay. There are some guidelines the can be subject to were the employers does not need pay the employee for any workweek in which he or she performs no work. Here are some examples of the examples of guidelines for exempt employees at Northrop Grumman: Absences An employee will not be considered to be on a salary basis if deductions from his predetermined compensation are made for absences occasioned by the employer or by the operating requirements of the business. Accordingly, if the employee is ready, willing, and able to work, deductions may not be made for time when work is not available. Sick leave Deductions may also be made for absences of a day or more occasioned by  sickness or disability (including industrial accidents) if the deduction is made in accordance with a bona fide plan, policy or practice of providing compensation for loss of salary occasioned by both sickness and disability. Jury duty Deductions may not be made for absences of an employee caused by jury duty, attendance as a witness, or temporary military leave. The employer may be offset by any amount received by an employee as jury or witness fees or military pay for a particular week against the salary due for that particular week without loss of the exemption (Health, 2008, para, 4). _Non-Exempt Employees_ Another type of employee is the non-exempt employee. One on the more known reasons is that the non-exempt employee is paid hourly. Non-exempt employees are only paid for hours they have worked. While an exempt employee is paid on salary and gets paid the same amount every week, no matter how many hours they work. This means if they work over 40 hours a week they will be paid overtime. This could be a benefit for non-exempt employees because they are compensated for the extra hours they put in. There are no exceptions to the stated laws of the FLAS concerning a non-exempt employee; therefore, Northrop Grumman must follow all rules and regulations in regard to paying minimum wage and overtime to these workers. The FLSA demands that every business pay non-exempt employees one and half times his or her regular pay for all hours worked over 40 in one week. At Northrop Grumman, a non-exempt employee will be given plenty of notice at or before lunchtime the day overtime is required, if this amount of time is not given in advance they will consider the overtime worked voluntary. The non-exempt employee will be expected to work the overtime; unless it has been determined that requirement places a hardship on the employee. Non-exempt employees are compensated with holiday pay, which is considered straight time pay based on normal work hours. If the employee works on the holiday that individual will be paid double his or her regular pay for hours  worked, then the worker is still entitled to receive his or her holiday pay. Northrop Grumman also gives a year-end holiday pay to all workers. The employees get paid for an extra 40 hours, unless those individuals normally work less hours; if so, they will be paid for the hours they originally work during a week (Northrop Grumman, 2006). Northrop Grumman Relating to State Laws In the majority of states, employees that do not work under an employment contract are deemed to be â€Å"at will.† Colorado is a state that follows that statue as well. At-will employees may be terminated for any reason, so long as the terms are not illegal. Northrop Grumman is a corporation that hires all employees at will. According to Termination of Employment Policy ITP H7 (2007), all employment at Northrop Grumman Information Technology business department is at-the-will of the company therefore, termination may be determined by the management and in accordance with company policy and procedure. Colorado has two exceptions to the at-will rule based upon the legal principles of â€Å"public policy† and â€Å"implied contract.† First, the public policy exception simply means that an employee cannot be fired for performing a legal duty or exercising a legal right. Second, a binding employment relationship may be found to have been created by an implied or an express contract. The contract theory usually arises in situations in which procedures outlined in personnel handbooks are construed as a contract between the employer and employee (Employment Law, 2008). Northrop Grumman has an employee handbook that clearly outlines the guidelines behind employment-at-will and how the company has a right to use this doctrine. Although the information is expressed in the handbook, it is not mentioned during the hiring or new hire orientation processes. The company included the information in the handbook, which by law is all they are required to do. In conclusion, regardless of the type of relationship that an employee has with Northrop Grumman, all are treated in a fair and legal way. Northrop Grumman ensures this by adhering to all laws, guidelines, and regulations  that are designed to protect the American worker. That protection is extended to all types of workers, not just regular employees. Contractors, non-exempt, and exempt employees are all treated the same. However, not all companies can truthfully say this! Fortunately, there are state and federal laws to ensure that everyone that works at Northrop Grumman is treated fairly. References Bennett-Alexander, D.D. & Hartman, L.P. (2004). Employment Law for Business _(4th ed)_: McGraw Hill/Irwin, New York, NY. Discrimination Complaint Procedures. (1999). Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.lacity.org/per/EEO/DISCRIM.htm. Employment Law in Colorado. (2008). Retrieved March 21, 2008 from http://research.lawyers.com/Colorado/Employment-Law-in-Colorado.html. Health, S. (2008). Exempt Employees. Human Resources: _About.com._ Retrieved March 21, 2008 from http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossarye/g/exempt.htm. Northrop Grumman. (2006). Human Resources Regulatory Employment Practices: Retrieved March 21, 2008 from http://www.es.northropgrumman.com/ourvalues/training/assets/HRReg.pdf. Northrop Grumman. (2007). Employee Termination Policy ITP H7. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2004). Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.eeoc.gov. U.S. Courts. (2004). The Federal Judiciary. Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.uscourts.gov.

Schizophrenia †A Brain Disease

Schizophrenia – A Brain Disease Free Online Research Papers Schizophrenia is a disease of the brain that interferes with normal brain and mental function. This disease affects not only the patient, but the patients family as well. Learning that a person is schizophrenic is frightening and possibly devastating. Living with schizophrenia is possible with treatment and medication. Schizophrenia is characterized by the belief that the patient hears or sees thing that are truly not there. Hallucinations are only one of the many symptoms a schizophrenic person and their family has to endure. The brain is the major factor in schizophrenia. It triggers hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and lack of motivation. Schizophrenia has three phases of progression: Prodromal, Active, and Residual. The major characteristics of the prodromal phase are depression and unreasonable fear of something or someone. During the active phase the patient suffers from hallucinations and confused thinking and speaking. The residual phase is when the disease becomes easier to manage and live with. The patient may even be able to regain social and job skills. More then two million Americans suffer from schizophrenia. Schizophrenia affects men, women, the old, the young, and people of all races. Symptoms in men appear earlier then they do in women. Males may develop symptoms in their late teens or early twenties, whereas, symptoms in women surface generally in their late twenties to early thirties. Schizophrenic symptoms either appear suddenly or they may be gradual. Because of the delay in symptoms many people go without treatment until the disease is in its advanced stages. Thus, making it harder to treat and control. Schizophrenia has no proven cause. It may be a genetic disorder, but may also be related to problems that occur during pregnancy. Research has revealed that schizophrenia may be the result of the interaction of certain genes, or due to damaged portions of genes. There is also contradictory research suggesting the disease may not be genetic because most people with a schizophrenic relative will not develop symptoms. Malnutrition or viral infections during pregnancy may be a cause of schizophrenia because of the negative affect on the growing fetuss developing nervous system. What increases your risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia? The greatest risk factor is having genetic disposition, meaning you are related to someone already diagnosed. If you have suffered a brain injury during fetal development, or had complications during birth, a lack of oxygen to the brain during birth may increase your risk. Ongoing research shows that if a father is over 50 years of age at conception the child is at greater risk. Although research is not directly correlative to the disease, having a substance abuse problem may increase your risk. But research shows that a schizophrenic person may also be at a greater risk to have a substance abuse problem. Schizophrenia is diagnosed with the use of medical history, physical exam, and a mental health assessment. To rule out diseases with similar symptoms, blood tests, CT scans, or an MRI may be performed. In order to be accurately diagnosed, the patient must experience at least two symptoms for at least 1 month, and not have any other mental health problems. People with schizophrenia often suffer terrifying symptoms such as hearing internal voices, believing that people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them. These symptoms may leave them fearful and withdrawn. Their speech and behavior can be so disorganized that they may be frightening to others. People with schizophrenia often have difficulty interacting with people on a social level. They also have difficulty adjusting to new situations, professionally and personally. Many people whom life with Schizophrenia lose their jobs, and are never able to work again. Research Papers on Schizophrenia - A Brain DiseasePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyGenetic EngineeringArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Fifth HorsemanThree Concepts of PsychodynamicResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

The Educational Needs of Students with ODD

The Educational Needs of Students with ODD Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is one of two pediatric behavioral disorders defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V (DSM V) that are included as qualifying disabilities in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). While not as serious as Conduct Disorder, whose symptoms include  aggression and property destruction, ODD still compromises a students ability to succeed academically and develop meaningful relationships with peers and teachers. Students diagnosed with ODD may be found in general education settings if it is determined that the disorder does not prevent them  from participating fully in the general education classroom. It is also possible that some students with ODD in programs for Emotional Disturbances can manage their own behavior well enough that they can successfully be integrated into general education classrooms. Symptoms of ODD Students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder exhibit the following symptoms: Anger and resentmentTendency to argueShort temperUnwillingness to comply with adults requests or rulesTendency to annoy peopleSpite and vindictiveness A mental health professional would only make an ODD  diagnosis if the above symptoms occurred more frequently than they do in a comparable age or developmental group.  Fifteen-year-olds often argue with adults, and they can be touchy or easily annoyed, but a 15-year-old diagnosed with ODD would be significantly more argumentative or touchy in a way that affected their day-to-day functioning. Co-Morbidity with Other Behavioral Challenges or Disabilities The DSM V notes that a significant number of children seen in a clinical setting for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are also diagnosed as having ODD. The manual  also notes that many children with impulse control problems are also frequently diagnosed with ODD. Best Practices for Students with ODD All students benefit from classroom settings with structure and clear expectations. It is critical in both general education settings where students with ODD are included, and in  self-contained settings,  that the expectations are clear, explicit, and above all consistent. The most important elements of a successful classroom are: A Structured Environment: Some assumptions about how a classroom should be organized may be inappropriate for students with ODD. Seating arrangements that put children into clusters of four may be fine in settings where children are raised with high expectations but may create too many opportunities for disruptive behavior among children with ODD. Students with ODD often use seating arrangements as occasions for high drama that are much more about work avoidance than interpersonal dynamics. Remember, your role is to be a teacher, not a therapist. Seating students in rows or pairs is often the best way to start the school year. Routines:  Unlike strict rules, routines make expectations clear in a way that is value-neutral. Instead of creating a rule that says Never get out of line, create a routine where students get used to standing in line, walking without touching or bothering their neighbors, and getting quickly and quietly to their destination at school. Establishing routines means being pro-active, and planning thoroughly what your classroom expectations will be. Where will students place their backpacks? Will they be able to access them during the day? Only before lunch? How does one get the teachers attention? Do you raise your hand, place a red cup on top of your desk, or hang a red flag from  your desk? Any one of these options could help create a routine that works well in a structured class. A Reinforcement-Rich Environment: Pay attention to the things your students like or think are important. Most boys (the majority of children with ODD) love free time on the computer, and most schools block access to  objectionable sites. Let students earn their time on the computer by completing academic tasks, by earning points for appropriate behavior, or by reaching behavioral or academic goals. A Calm and Collected Teacher: The function of the behavior associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder is often to engage people in authority in a tug of war or power play. As a teacher, the most important thing is not to engage in a battle that no one will win.

Arab learners of English Avoid using phrasal verbs Research Paper

Arab learners of English Avoid using phrasal verbs - Research Paper Example Such an observation has been made on the basis of wide ranging studies conducted by various researchers in this regard. As mentioned earlier, recently there has been observed a trend, which indicates the avoidance of phrasal verbs by Arab learners of the English language. Several papers and research articles have focused on this phenomenon which indicates such an avoidance (Kano (2006), Tarone (1981), Kleinmann (1977), etc.) as well as the manner of avoidance i.e., semantic, topical, lexical, phonological, morphological, graphological or void, (Brown,1994). This trend, hence, has been identified as a classic problem or issue of concern among the researchers in the field of linguistic studies. However, consensus on the actual occurrence and the reasons behind such a trend is yet to be arrived, owing to the differing views presented by various researchers. For instance, Schachter (1974) who first observed such avoidance behavior claimed that the learners, who resorted to avoid usage of phrasal verbs, did so, owing to difficulties in constructing sentences using such verbs. Researchers such as Klienmann (1977), Chiang (1980), Dagut and Laufer (1985) etc supported the claims made by Schachter, that the avoidance was mainly on account of difficulty experienced by the learners with respect to structure and semantic aspects of the target language. While yet others such as Seliger, (1989) argues that, there is no clear definition of avoidance and further states that avoidance can only occur in situations wherei the learners are able to form a target structure but lack knowledge regarding appropriate distributional rules. The native language plays a significant role in influencing the manner in which a learner produces different structures. This claim was substantiated by Kleinmann (1977) in his experiments whereby he studied a group of Arabic speakers as well as Spanish / Portuguese speakers with regard to the use of passives, present

Subordinate group member Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Subordinate group member - Essay Example ays author Yen Le Espiritu (1995), mainly due to socio-historical amnesia, limited research has been expended on the immigration and settlement history of Filipinos in the US (p.1). Other sources, such as the book The Filipino Americans by Barbara Mercedes Posadas (1999), do not cover Filipino diaspora to the US during the Spanish occupation in the Philippines. Posadas asserts that the first wave of immigration came during World War II. Some Filipinos were enlisted in the US Army and later naturalized and sworn to citizenship. The second wave was during the 1965 liberalization of immigration laws. Many factors such as the Philippine independence from American colonization, access to naturalization, the institution of export labor by the Marcos regime, and the ethnic community expansion among others have contributed to a new face of Filipino Americans (p.26). Perhaps because of limited available publications on their history, Filipino Americans have often been plagued by questions on identity. In many known Filipino American literary pieces, identity is always a central theme. Reshi Hebbar (1998) from the Post Colonial Studies at Emory College notes that renowned Fil-Am authors like Jose Garcia Villa, Carlos Bulosan, Bienvenido Santos, and Jessica Hagedorn wrote â€Å"to exile themselves from the home country or to accept the status of a hyphenated American or to find a bridge between the two.† Maria P. Root (1997), in her introduction to the book Filipino Americans: Transformation and Identity attributes much of the identity confusion explored by Fil-Am writers to the five centuries of colonization that â€Å"ravaged the souls and psyche of the indigenous people of the archipelago dubbed Las Islas Filipinas †¦ regardless of our nativity, language, class or gender† (xi). She affirms that colonization plays a big part in the Fil-Am experience. Currently, there are communities in the US that have helped many Filipino immigrants and descendants cope up with the

Personal reflection - and academic literature to support that Essay

Personal reflection - and academic literature to support that reflection - Essay Example ate with company policies and decisions is another crucial role in my opinion as in any lack of communications the workflow can be interrupted and precious time can be wasted. On the other hand, keeping record and communicating with suppliers should be a separate role under a purchases department, that department should analyse marketing information and sales reports to anticipate the future supply needs and compare market prices with offers and freight. Finally, maintaining records of business meetings is an important part of the roles assigned to the secretary. In that regard a continuous follow-up can boost all other functions and remind them of their own deadlines mentioned and approved in the regular meetings, this can make the company leader work in following up with the progress of each department a much easier task, as well as the other roles in an organisation. Personally, I think my long experience in administrative roles had helped me significantly to cope with the presented tasks. I’ve had real life experience as a committee secretary for two years in my 15 years work experience. In addition to having a recent experience in business setup and managing a new business that helped me anticipate some of the similar progress timeframes I also had a pre-assumption on some facts and regulations that might be of assistance in some cases but an obstacle in others. For an example, I knew the time frame it takes  products to be purchased and the difficulty of sales. I also knew the profit percentage of the returns and the running expenses, but in return I had pre-assumptions that held me from anticipating the free facilities offered by the University Personally I’ve been faced with some challenges within the specific tasks of my role, and one could be my problem with time management issues. For the past 15 years, I  have attended few seminars and courses related to time management but unfortunately I keep misjudging my capacity for work volume and

The Leadership Member Exchange Theory

The Leadership Member Exchange Theory There are different leadership theories that have been proposed. Some of these are the leadership member exchange theory, transformational leadership theory, path-goal theory and situational approach theory. In this paper the above four theories will be studied in seeking to help the students have a deeper insight into the leadership styles and where they are best applied. Leadership-member exchange theory Also known as LMX or vertical dyad linkage theory it seeks to describe how leaders in groups are able to maintain their position by having tacit exchange agreements with their subordinates. Through the special relationship with the leader the in-group members have access to high levels of responsibility, are influential in decision making and are also able to access resources. However, the members of in-group pay for this privilege by working hard, being committed to task objectives and also share more administrative duties. In addition, these members are also expected to show loyalty and commitment to their leader. On the other hand, the members of out-group have little responsibility, have little influence in decision-making and find it hard to access the resources. The LMX process according to House (1971) has three stages and starts when one joins the group. The first one is the role taking where the member joins the teams and the leader examines his or her capabilities. It is then that the leader decides whether to give this member an opportunity or not. Knox and Inkster (1968) argue that during this stage it becomes important for the leader and the member to lay down a foundation on rules of engagement. The tacit agreement takes pace in the second phase where the informal arrangement takes place between the leader and the member. The role is created for this member, which also comes with benefits. In return this member is supposed to pay by being dedicated and being loyal. Linville, Fischer and Salovey (1989) observe that at this stage trust building is pivotal. As such if the leader feels betrayed he or she is likely to demote the member to the out-group. This stage also involves other factors such as relationships and the similarity with the leader. A member who has similarity is likely to have positive relationships according to this theory. Similarly, in the case where the leader and the member are of same gender this relationship is also likely to be positive as this informal arrangement is often built on respect. More over, this relationship is likely to be affected by culture and race. According to Lippman (1982) the third process in LMX theory is routinization. It is in this phase that a continuous social exchange between the two parties is established. This relationship is built on trust and there is a tendency to find a member of senior teams having similarity with their leader. Maas, Ceccarelli and Rudin (1996) add that the members are reasonable, sensitive, empathetic and are able to follow the idea of their leader. On the contrary the members of the out-group have opposite characteristics. In particular, they are likely to be aggressive, sarcastic and egocentric. Lippman (1982) describes the in-group members as having more confidence, more involved, communicative and being more dependable. In addition, these members go beyond their formal job description and as such the leader reciprocates by expanding their role. The members of the outer group are less compatible with the leader and just report to work, carry out the responsibilities given and go back home. Ainslie (1974) is of the opinion that under this theory the member of the in-group is more productive owing to this social exchange with their leader. Indeed, under LMX there is likely to be less workers turnover, more positive performance, more positive performance evaluations, more promotions, greater participation and support for the leaders vision and positive job attitude (Ainslie, 1975). This theory has strength as those who contribute more are able to enjoy more benefits than new members of the out-group. It identifies the dyadic relationship and underlines the importance of effective leader member exchanges. However, the leaders need to be careful on whom they allow in the in-group and should only bed one on the work performance only. This should not be based on race, ethnicity, sex or religion. The critics of this find it unfair as the members are treated unequally. Transformational leadership According to this theory transformational leadership is a process that changes people. It entails dealing with the emotions, values, standards, ethics and long-term goals. The followers motives and needs are satisfied by having a visionary leadership. The two parties are bound together in a transformations process. According to Bass (1990) the leaders transform the followers through: Making them aware of the importance and the value of the task. Making the followers understand the importance of focusing on the organizational goals rather than individual interest Activating their high-order needs In his argument Bass (1990) finds that charisma is necessary as it helps to invoke positive and strong emotions. In addition, it also causes the followers to identify with the leaders. Charisma is defined as a personality characteristic and gives the holder superhuman powers. It is only possessed by a few and is often regarded to have divine origin. The writer further argues that authentic transformational leadership is based on idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, inspirational stimulation and individualized consideration (Ainsworth, 1963). The idealized influence describes the leaders who have strong role models characteristics. The followers are happy to identify and emulate these leaders. Through inspirational motivation the leaders communicate their high expectations to their followers. They followers become inspired and become a part of the organizations goal and vision. On the other hand, through the concept of intellectual stimulation the followers are made to be mo re creative and innovative (Graen Cashman, 1975). This is achieved by the leader giving them the right platform where they challenge their own beliefs and values. The followers are also able to question the values of their leader. By individual consideration the leaders provide an enabling climate in which they listen and address the individual concerns raised by their followers (Granovetter, 1973). This also based on the three moral aspects which include The moral character of the leader The ethical values in the leaders vision. This may either be accepted or rejected by the followers. The level of the morality of social ethical processes that the followers and the leader use. However, Burn (1978) looks at transformational leadership as a prowess in which the leaders and followers are engaged in the mutual process of uplifting, motivating others and lifting up the morality. This theory assumes that a leader who has a high moral position is likely to attract a following. It could also be argued that the leaders appeal to the higher ideals and values which the followers are highly attached to. The followers have a shared background on social values and this encourages them to collaborate rather than each following his or her individual interests. It could be argued that leaders who promote this leadership invoke motivation and instill sense of identity and meaning to the workers. According to a research by Bennis and Nanus the leaders had a clear vision of the future of their establishments (Ainsorth, 1978). In addition, they were social architects and motivated the workers by building trust. This is possible through making a clear position and standing by it. As Bailey (1985) puts it the leaders use creative deployment of self through positive self regard. According to North House (2007) the theory has been well researched since 1970s and shares similar idea with the expectations of the society. Moreover, this theory treats leadership as a process which takes place between the leaders and the followers. A big emphasis is also is put on the followers needs vales and morals. The cons of this theory are that the leader seems to work on his or her own and does not allow input from the followers. It is also elitist and undemocratic and is not likely to work where the decision making is supposed to be a shared responsibility. The four constructs; inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, idealized influence and intellectual stimulation are hard to measure. These constructs are also similar to each other and is hard to make out their difference. A questionnaire ideal for this theory Not at all once in while sometimes Fairly Often Frequently 0 1 2 3 4 Idealized influence (attributes) I go beyond self interest for the good of the group ___ Idealized influence (behaviors) I consider the moral and ethical consequences of decisions ____ Inspirational motivation I talk optimistically about the future ____ Intellectual stimulation I re-examine critical assumptions to question whether they are appropriate ____ Individualized consideration I help others to develop their strengths ____ Situational leadership The leader need not rely on transactional and transformational methods only and the best cause of action that leader has to take depends on situational factors. Some of the factors likely to affect the situational decisions include motivation and the capability of followers. Yukl (1989) identifies six variables. The subordinate effort is concerned with the motivation and the effort put. The subordinate ability and clarity is concerned with followers understanding their role and how to do it. The organization of work is important and looks at how the work is structured and also the utilization of resources. The other variable is the cooperation and the cohesiveness of the group. The availability of resources and support is also important. Finally, Yukl also cites external condition as the sixth variable and defines the need to collaborate with other groups. Tannerbaum and Schmidt (1958) found out that the forces in the situation, in the leader and the followers as the forces leading to the leaders action. Similar sentiments were shared by Maier (1963) who observed that leaders need to look at the possibility of the followers agreeing with certain a decision and also the importance of carrying out that task. As such the leader is encouraged to take a certain action to avoid the implication of failing to do so. According to this style the leader is meant to come up with the style of leadership depending on the willingness and the commitment of the follower in performing a particular task. Directing This becomes necessary where there is low competence and commitment from the follower. The leader is not highly concerned with the relationship between him or her and the follower but makes sure the tasks are carried out. This also becomes necessary as the incompetence is corrected by the role the leader plays. Take for instance a situation where instead of the leader taking a directing role, he or she seeks to find out the reason why the follower is not motivated and why he or she is not capable of carrying out a particular task. This could leave some work undone as the leader will refrain from assigning duties which he feels the follower cannot perform well. The followers also end up having low confidence which affects their output. Coaching This applies when the follower has some competence or is over confident on his or her capabilities. Telling such followers what to do may de-motivate them and resistance is likely to result. This makes the leader to look for an alternative on how to work, clarify and explain decisions. This calls for the leader to spend time listening and advising where he or she feels necessary. The follower is able to refine his or her skills through this coaching. Supporting This is necessary when the follower can do the job but is not putting in enough commitment. This case differs from the above cases as the leader is not concerned with showing the follower what to do. It also becomes important for the leader to engage with the follower to identify the reasons why he or she is refusing to cooperate. Motivation becomes the key to improving the followers performance. The leaders should take time listening and praising the follower whenever he or she makes an achievement. Delegating This according to Hersey and Blanchard (1999) is applicable when the follower is highly competent, is highly committed, is motivated and is able and willing to carry out the various tasks assigned. The follower should be left alone to go on with the delegated duties although a distant eye from the leader is necessary. This is necessary in order to monitor how the follower is progressing. Although the followers do not need support and frequent praise it is recommended for the leader to occasionally recognize their efforts. Normative model According to Vroom and Yetton (1973), decision on acceptance increases commitment and participation increase decision acceptance. The decision quality helps in selecting the best alternative and is applicable when there are several alternatives. This becomes necessary when there are serious consequences for not doing so. The decision acceptance on the other hand is concerned with the acceptance of the decisions the leader makes. Leaders should focus more on decision acceptance than decision quality. Vroom and Yetton (1973) came up with five different decision procedures. The first one is when the leader knows information and then makes the decision alone. The second one is when he or she obtains the information from the followers and then makes the decision alone. These two are autocratic and the followers are sidelined in the decision making. The leader may also opt to share the problem with the followers individually. He or she then listens for their input and makes the decision al one. Alternatively the leader shares the problem with the followers but this time as a group. He then notes down their ideas but makes the decision alone. These two procedures are consultative and the participation of the followers is valued. Finally the leader may shares the problem with the group and the decision is arrived at through consensus. However there are situational factors that are likely to affect these five alternatives. The first two methods are not recommended when the followers possess useful information. In addition, this it is not also recommended when the decision quality is pivotal. When the leader sees decision quality as vital but the members do not then group based decision making should be avoided. This is necessary in avoid the implication of the bad decision making where a consensus solution is arrived at. On the contrary, if the leader feels he or she lacks the right skills and information to handle an unstructured problem a collective a decision arrived through consensus becomes appropriate. Similarly, when the decision acceptance is important and the followers are likely to resist an autocratic decision a leader then the first two methods where the leader sources information from them and then makes the decision are inappropriate. When decision masking is highly valued and the members are unlikely to acceptance each others idea then it is in-appropriate to use the autocratic methods or share the problem with them individually. This is because the differences are unable to be resolved if these methods are used. When the decision quality is not essential but decision acceptance is paramount then a group based decision becomes a must to avoid disgruntled followers. The same case applies when the decision quality is of essence and the followers consent with this. Path-Goal Theory The theory was inspired by Mark G. Evans from the expectancy theory. The perception of the degree to which a particular will result to a certain outcome is important (Dawes, 1996). The leaders behavior should be source of inspiration to the subordinates and should also be able to motivate them. The theory is based on the idea that the leaders should offer encouragement and support to their followers. This is ensured by rewarding the followers. The leader should also clarify the path to the subordinates so they can make a choice on their own. The leader should also remove the hurdles which stand on the followers paths. It is also worthy to point out that the leaders may opt to take a limited or full approach in supporting the members. For instance, the leader may give directions or offer hints. House and Mitchell (1974) argue that under this theory four leadership styles can be found. Directive leadership The leader guides the followers appropriately and directs them what to do. This may also entail offering them time-lines on the duties to be carried out and when. This is also recommended where the task given to the members is unstructured. As such the followers are likely to find it hard understanding the role required Participative leadership The leaders also consult with their followers before arriving at a decision. This becomes even more important when the insight from the members is likely to be invaluable. Supportive leadership In increasing the followers work performance it is necessary to show concern for their welfare. The leader should also create a friendly working environment and this is especially recommended where the work is stressful. Achievement-oriented leadership The leader sets challenging goals in work and for self-improvement. In such an instance, the leader sets high standards which the followers are encouraged to attain. The leader also places a lot of faith in their ability to perform the tasks assigned. When the role is complex this method becomes appropriate. The leaders are meant to show the way which the members are expected to follow. The leadership should have foresight and should be able to see the way of achieving goals in future. The followers depend on the leader for the guidance. It also worth mentioning that this theory assumes that the leaders change their leadership styles according to contextual factors. The theory proposes two contingency variables; environment and follower characteristics (Evans, 1970). These variables affect the behavior outcome relationship. The environmental factors determine the type of leader behavior which is appropriate. This is necessary in order to maximize the follower performance. On the other hand, the follower characteristics are concerned with the locus of control, perceived ability and experience (Deci, 1971). These four styles are receptive to the needs of the followers and adapt towards the prevailing situation making the leader to be more effective.